notes/education/nutrition/Review.md

Macronutrients

• We need a larger amount
• Provides Calories

Carbs

• Provides 4 calories per gram

Protein

• Provides 4 calories per gram

Lipids/Fats

• Provides 9 calories per gram

Micronutrients

• Smaller Amounts
• Don't provide calories

Vitamins

Minerals

Water

• Not a macro or micronutrient, but still one of the 6 major nutrition groups

Alcohol

• While not in a food group, provides 7 calories per gram

Digestive System

1. Mouth
   • Digestion of carbs/starches, and fats begin here.
   • Mechanical digestion (chewing)
   • Chemical digestion (amalayses (starch) and lipases (fat) in the mouth)
2. Esophagus
   • Peristalsis is an involuntary relaxation and contraction of muscles to move food down
3. Gastroesophageal/Lower Esophageal/Cardiac Sphincter
   • When this sphincter misfires, it can cause heartburn or gastroesphageal reflex disease (GERD)
4. Stomach
   • Protein
5. Pyloric Sphincter
6. Small Intestine (DJI)
   1. Duodenum
   2. Jejunum
   3. Ilium
7. Ilieocecal Valve

DRI (Dietary Reference Intakes)

EAR

RDA

AI

UL

AMDR

EER