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@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ A lipid that has three fatty acids attached to a three-carbon compound called gl
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- **Glycerol** is a three carbon alcohol that forms the backbone of fatty acids
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- **Glycerol** is a three carbon alcohol that forms the backbone of fatty acids
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# Phospholipids
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# Phospholipids
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A phospholipid is a type of lipid needed for the flexibility, structure, and makeup of the cell membranes and for proper functioning of nerve cells.
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A phospholipid is a type of lipid needed for the flexibility, structure, and makeup of the cell membranes and for proper functioning of the never cells.
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- Partially water soluble
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- Partially water soluble
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- Hydrophilic
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- Hydrophilic
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- Part that attracts water
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- Part that attracts water
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@ -86,32 +86,8 @@ Sterols are lipids that have a more chemically complex structure than a triglyce
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- Poultry
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- Poultry
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- Dairy products
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- Dairy products
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| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | Classification |
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| --------------------------- | -------------------------- |
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| <200 | Desireable |
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| 200-239 | Borderline high |
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| >= 240 | High |
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| **LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)** | **Classification** |
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| < 100 | Optimal |
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| 100 - 129 | Near optimal/above optimal |
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| 130-159 | Borderline high |
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| 160-189 | High |
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| >= 190 | Very high |
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| **HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)** | **Triglycerides (mg/dl)** |
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| < 150 | Normal |
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| 150-199 | Borderline high |
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| >= 200 | High |
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# Lipases
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# Lipases
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Lipases are enzymes that break down lipids
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Lipases are enzymes that break down lipids
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- **Cholecystokinin** is a hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to secrete digestive juices
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- **Cholecystokinin** is a hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to secrete digestive juices
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- Bile helps with the emulsification of and digestion of fat.
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- Bile helps with the emulsification of and digestion of fat.
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- Secretin is a hormone that stimulates the liver to produce bile and the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice
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- Secretin is a hormone that stimulates the liver to produce bile and the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice
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# Lipoproteins
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Lipoproteins are water-soluble structures that transport lipids through the bloodstream. Lipoproteins are needed because fat is hydrophobic.
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- Chylomicron mostly carries triglycerides
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- High density lipoprotein (HDL) carries the most protein (45-50%), and roughly 30% phospholipids. HDL carries lipids away from tissues and to the liver, where they can be processed and eliminated. It's considered "good" cholesterol
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- Low density lipoprotein (LDL) carries the most cholesterol, and it carries lipids from the liver out to other tissues in the body. It's considered "bad" cholesterol
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- Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) carries triglycerides from the liver into the bloodstream, where cells that line capillaries break down the triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
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- Oxidized LDL is formed when chemically unstable substances damage LDL, transports cholesterol into the arterial lining
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