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@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ A lipid that has three fatty acids attached to a three-carbon compound called gl
- **Glycerol** is a three carbon alcohol that forms the backbone of fatty acids - **Glycerol** is a three carbon alcohol that forms the backbone of fatty acids
- -
# Phospholipids # Phospholipids
A phospholipid is a type of lipid needed for the flexibility, structure, and makeup of the cell membranes and for proper functioning of nerve cells. A phospholipid is a type of lipid needed for the flexibility, structure, and makeup of the cell membranes and for proper functioning of the never cells.
- Partially water soluble - Partially water soluble
- Hydrophilic - Hydrophilic
- Part that attracts water - Part that attracts water
@ -86,32 +86,8 @@ Sterols are lipids that have a more chemically complex structure than a triglyce
- Poultry - Poultry
- Dairy products - Dairy products
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | Classification |
| --------------------------- | -------------------------- |
| <200 | Desireable |
| 200-239 | Borderline high |
| >= 240 | High |
| **LDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)** | **Classification** |
| < 100 | Optimal |
| 100 - 129 | Near optimal/above optimal |
| 130-159 | Borderline high |
| 160-189 | High |
| >= 190 | Very high |
| **HDL Cholesterol (mg/dl)** | **Triglycerides (mg/dl)** |
| < 150 | Normal |
| 150-199 | Borderline high |
| >= 200 | High |
# Lipases # Lipases
Lipases are enzymes that break down lipids Lipases are enzymes that break down lipids
- **Cholecystokinin** is a hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to secrete digestive juices - **Cholecystokinin** is a hormone that stimulates the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to secrete digestive juices
- Bile helps with the emulsification of and digestion of fat. - Bile helps with the emulsification of and digestion of fat.
- Secretin is a hormone that stimulates the liver to produce bile and the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice - Secretin is a hormone that stimulates the liver to produce bile and the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice
# Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins are water-soluble structures that transport lipids through the bloodstream. Lipoproteins are needed because fat is hydrophobic.
- Chylomicron mostly carries triglycerides
- High density lipoprotein (HDL) carries the most protein (45-50%), and roughly 30% phospholipids. HDL carries lipids away from tissues and to the liver, where they can be processed and eliminated. It's considered "good" cholesterol
- Low density lipoprotein (LDL) carries the most cholesterol, and it carries lipids from the liver out to other tissues in the body. It's considered "bad" cholesterol
- Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) carries triglycerides from the liver into the bloodstream, where cells that line capillaries break down the triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol
- Oxidized LDL is formed when chemically unstable substances damage LDL, transports cholesterol into the arterial lining