50 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
50 lines
3.3 KiB
Markdown
Nutrients are the life sustaining substances found in food.
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- Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair.
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There are 6 nutrients:
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- Vitamins
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- Minerals
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- Carbs
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- Lipids
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- Proteins
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- Water
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A macronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in large quantities, whereas a micronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in small quantities.
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| Macronutrients | Micronutrients |
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| -------------- | -------------- |
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| Carbs | Vitamins |
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| Lipids | Minerals |
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| Proteins | |
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Nutrients are used for:
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- Growth and development
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- Energy
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- Regulation of processes
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## Essential Nutrients
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A nutrient is classified as essential if:
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- It must be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities
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- If the nutrient is missing, it results in a deficiency disease
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- When added back to the diet, the disease corrects
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- Explanation exists as to why the abnormalities occurred when the substance was missing.
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## Phytochemicals
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Phytochemicals are substances in plants that *may* have healthful benefits. Examples of phytochemicals include:
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- Caffeine
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- Beta-carotene
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- Nicotine
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## Calories
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In nutrition, the term Calorie typically refers to a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories, where a calorie is the amount of energy needed to heat up one gram of water one degree Celsius.
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# Definitions
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| Term | Definition |
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| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Nutrients | The life sustaining substances found in food. Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair. |
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| Nutrition | The study of how nutrients affect our body. |
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| Diet | A person's usual pattern of food choices. Everyone has a diet, and you don't begin and end diets, you just make changes to your existing diet. |
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| Lipid | Fat |
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| Organic | An organic substance contains *carbon*, and can be degraded. |
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| Essential nutrient | A nutrient is considered *essential* if it *must* be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities. If an essential nutrient is missing, it results in a *deficiency disease*. |
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| Deficiency disease | A deficiency disease occurs when an essential nutrient is missing. Examples include anemia (iron) and scurvy (vitamin c) | |