81 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
81 lines
5.9 KiB
Markdown
Nutrients are the life sustaining substances found in food.
|
|
- Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair.
|
|
- Source of raw elements the body uses to carry out activities (oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and calcium).
|
|
|
|
There are 6 nutrients:
|
|
- Vitamins
|
|
- Minerals
|
|
- Carbs
|
|
- Lipids
|
|
- Proteins
|
|
- Water
|
|
|
|
A macronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in large quantities, whereas a micronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in small quantities.
|
|
|
|
| Macronutrients | Micronutrients |
|
|
| -------------- | -------------- |
|
|
| Carbs | Vitamins |
|
|
| Lipids | Minerals |
|
|
| Proteins | |
|
|
|
|
Nutrients are used for:
|
|
- Growth and development
|
|
- Energy
|
|
- Regulation of processes
|
|
|
|
Nutrients will typically have more than one role in the body.
|
|
## Essential Nutrients
|
|
A nutrient is classified as essential if:
|
|
- It must be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities
|
|
- If the nutrient is missing, it results in a deficiency disease
|
|
- When added back to the diet, the disease corrects
|
|
- Explanation exists as to why the abnormalities occurred when the substance was missing.
|
|
|
|
## Phytochemicals
|
|
Phytochemicals are substances in plants that *may* have healthful benefits. Examples of phytochemicals include:
|
|
- Caffeine
|
|
- Beta-carotene
|
|
- Nicotine
|
|
|
|
## Calories
|
|
In nutrition, the term Calorie typically refers to a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories, where a calorie is the amount of energy needed to heat up one gram of water one degree Celsius.
|
|
|
|
Kilocalories are used to measure the amount of energy that can be gained from food.
|
|
|
|
| Food | Energy Gained |
|
|
| ----------------- | ------------- |
|
|
| 1 gram of carbs | 4 kcal |
|
|
| 1 gram of protein | 4kcal |
|
|
| 1 gram of fat | 9kcal |
|
|
| 1 gram of alcohol | 7kcal |
|
|
No other nutrients provide energy.
|
|
|
|
## Chronic Disease
|
|
Chronic disease takes years to develop and typically have no discrete source. Examples of chronic disease include:
|
|
- Heart disease
|
|
- Diabetes
|
|
- Cancer
|
|
## Eating Habits
|
|
Biological and physiological factors influence eating habits. Examples of factors include (but are not limited to):
|
|
- Age
|
|
- Taste, smell, texture
|
|
- Internal sensations of hunger and thirst
|
|
- Relationships
|
|
- Income
|
|
|
|
## Physiological Composition
|
|
The proportions present in males and females varies, but between 50 and 70% by weight of the body is composed of water. Women tend to have less water and protein, with more fat.
|
|
|
|
# Definitions
|
|
| Term | Definition |
|
|
| ------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| Nutrients | The life sustaining substances found in food. Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair. |
|
|
| Nutrition | The study of how nutrients affect our body. |
|
|
| Diet | A person's usual pattern of food choices. Everyone has a diet, and you don't begin and end diets, you just make changes to your existing diet. |
|
|
| Lipid | Fats and oils. |
|
|
| Organic | An organic substance contains *carbon*, and can be degraded. |
|
|
| Essential nutrient | A nutrient is considered *essential* if it *must* be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities. If an essential nutrient is missing, it results in a *deficiency disease*. |
|
|
| Deficiency disease | A deficiency disease occurs when an essential nutrient is missing. Examples include anemia (iron) and scurvy (vitamin c) |
|
|
| Lifestyle | A routine way of living |
|
|
| Metabolism | Metabolism is the term for all chemical processes that occur in living cells. This includes:<br>- Breaking larger molecules down into smaller molecules (supplying energy)<br>- Building larger molecules (like protiens or long-chain fats)<br>- Eliminating waste products<br> |
|
|
| | | |