156 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
156 lines
4.0 KiB
Markdown
#linux
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#documentation
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See offical documentation [here](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/installation_guide).
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### Preperation
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**Prerequisites**
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Check if system is in UEFI mode with:
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`ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars`
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If it lists the directory without issue then it's in EFI mode, if `no directory exists` is returned than EFI is disabled.
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**Partitioning Disks**
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List disks with:
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`fdisk -l`
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Select disk to modify with:
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`fdisk /dev/sdx` (where x is the selected disk)
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In the *fdisk* environment, use:
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- `n` to create a new partition
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- `p` or `e` to select primary or extended, primary is fine for all partitions on this install.
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- `+[size][scale]` EG: `+512M` or `+1g` create a partition of that size.
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- `w` to write changes to the disk.
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Arch requires:
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- 1 *EFi system partition* of at least **300MiB** mounted to **/mnt/boot** (Only for UEFI systems)
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- 1 *root partition* using **all leftover space** mounted at **/mnt**
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- Optionally a *swap partition* **more than 512MiB**, but ideally equal to the total ram.(Note: the swap partition is not mounted, but is instead initialized with `mkswap /dev/swap_partition`)
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**Formatting Partitions**
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- Format the root partition as ext4
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```bash
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mkfs.ext4 /dev/root_partition
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```
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- Format the EFI system partition as Fat32
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```bash
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mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/efi_system_partition
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```
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- Initialize the swap partition
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```bash
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swapon /dev/_swap_partition_
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```
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**Mounting Partitions**
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Mount these partitions with `mount /dev/sdxI /mounting_location`, for this purpose `/mnt`.
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You will need to:
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- Mount root partition(/)
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```bash
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mount /dev/[root_partition] /mnt
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```
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- Mount EFI System Partiton
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(boot may need to be made with `mkdir`)
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```bash
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mount /dev/[efi_system_partition] /mnt/boot
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```
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- If a swap partition was made, initialize it with:
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```bash
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swapon /dev/[swap_partition]
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```
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**Update Mirrors**
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Use `reflector` to update mirrors to the optimal servers.
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### Installation
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Use `pacstrap` to install necessary packages into `/mnt`
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```bash
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pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware dhcpcd nano
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```
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Note: if you wish to configure a static IP you can remove `dhcpcd`from the package list and use `ip address add [IP]/[subnet] broadcast + dev [interface]`, where subnet is usually `/24` and the interface can be found with `ip link`. You will need to add a route, which can be done with `ip route add default via [gateway address]`.
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**Configuring the system**
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Generate an `fstab` file(shows how partitions should translate into disk space)
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```bash
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genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
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```
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**Chroot into the new system** with `arch-chroot`
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```bash
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arch-chroot /mnt
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```
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Optionally set time zone(See installation wiki)
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Edit `/etc/locale.gen` to set locales. For English uncomment `en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8`.
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If needed, generate locales with `locale-gen`.
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Start and enable internet
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```bash
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systemctl start dhcpcd
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systemctl enable dhcpcd
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```
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**User Account Management**
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Set a root password with `passwd`.
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Install `sudo`
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```bash
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pacman -S sudo
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```
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Add a user
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```bash
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useradd -m [user]
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```
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Give the user a password:
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```bash
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passwd [user]
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```
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Add the user to the sudoers group(you will need to uncomment a line from /etc/sudoers)
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```bash
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usermod -aG wheel [user]
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```
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Reboot, unmount the .iso, and login to the user just created.
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Install either `amd-ucode` or `intel-ucode` depending on the system processor
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S [needed package]
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```
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**Beyond the install**
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Install `grub` and`efibootmgr` with pacman
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```bash
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pacman -S grub
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pacman -S efibootmgr
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```
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Create the directory for grub
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```bash
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mkdir /boot/EFI/GRUB
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```
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Install `grub` to the efi partition.
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```bash
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grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=grub
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```
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Generate the grub config
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```bash
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grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
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```
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Install `xorg-server`
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S xorg-server
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```
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Install `plasma`
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S plasma
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```
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Install `sddm`
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```bash
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sudo pacman -S plasma
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```
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Start sddm
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```bash
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sudo systemctl start sddm.service
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```
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If the desktop works as intended, enable sddm to launch at boot
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```bash
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sudo systemctl enable sddm.service
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``` |