82 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
82 lines
6.1 KiB
Markdown
Nutrients are the life sustaining substances found in food.
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- Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair.
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- Source of raw elements the body uses to carry out activities (mostly oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and calcium).
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There are 6 nutrients:
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- Vitamins
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- Minerals
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- Carbs
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- Lipids
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- Proteins
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- Water
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Water is the most essential nutrient because the body can only survive for a few days without it.
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A macronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in large quantities, whereas a micronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in small quantities. Macronutrients supply energy, whereas micronutrients are not sources of energy.
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| Macronutrients | Micronutrients |
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| -------------- | -------------- |
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| Carbs | Vitamins |
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| Lipids | Minerals |
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| Proteins | |
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Nutrients are used for:
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- Growth and development
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- Energy
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- Regulation of processes
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Nutrients will typically have more than one role in the body.
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## Essential Nutrients
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A nutrient is classified as essential if:
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- It must be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities
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- If the nutrient is missing, it results in a deficiency disease
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- When added back to the diet, the disease corrects
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- Explanation exists as to why the abnormalities occurred when the substance was missing.
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## Phytochemicals
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Phytochemicals are substances in plants that *may* have healthful benefits. Examples of phytochemicals include:
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- Caffeine
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- Beta-carotene
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- Nicotine
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## Calories
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In nutrition, the term Calorie typically refers to a kilocalorie, or 1000 calories, where a calorie is the amount of energy needed to heat up one gram of water one degree Celsius.
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Kilocalories are used to measure the amount of energy that can be gained from food.
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| Food | Energy Gained |
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| ----------------- | ------------- |
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| 1 gram of carbs | 4 kcal |
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| 1 gram of protein | 4kcal |
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| 1 gram of fat | 9kcal |
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| 1 gram of alcohol | 7kcal |
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No other nutrients provide energy.
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## Chronic Disease
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Chronic disease takes years to develop and typically have no discrete source. Examples of chronic disease include:
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- Heart disease
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- Diabetes
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- Cancer
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## Eating Habits
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Biological and physiological factors influence eating habits. Examples of factors include (but are not limited to):
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- Age
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- Taste, smell, texture
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- Internal sensations of hunger and thirst
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- Relationships
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- Income
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## Physiological Composition
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The proportions present in males and females varies, but between 50 and 70% by weight of the body is composed of water. Women tend to have less water and protein, with more fat.
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# Definitions
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| Term | Definition |
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| ------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Nutrients | The life sustaining substances found in food. Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair. |
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| Nutrition | The study of how nutrients affect our body. |
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| Diet | A person's usual pattern of food choices. Everyone has a diet, and you don't begin and end diets, you just make changes to your existing diet. |
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| Lipid | Fats and oils. |
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| Organic | An organic substance contains *carbon*, and can be degraded. |
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| Essential nutrient | A nutrient is considered *essential* if it *must* be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities. If an essential nutrient is missing, it results in a *deficiency disease*. |
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| Deficiency disease | A deficiency disease occurs when an essential nutrient is missing. Examples include anemia (iron) and scurvy (vitamin c) |
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| Lifestyle | A routine way of living |
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| Metabolism | Metabolism is the term for all chemical processes that occur in living cells. This includes:<br>- Breaking larger molecules down into smaller molecules (supplying energy)<br>- Building larger molecules (like protiens or long-chain fats)<br>- Eliminating waste products<br> |
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