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education/nutrition/Nutrients.md
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@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
Nutrients are the life sustaining substances found in food. Nutrients are the life sustaining substances found in food.
- Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair. - Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair.
- Source of raw elements the body uses to carry out activities (mostly oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and calcium).
There are 6 nutrients: There are 6 nutrients:
- Vitamins - Vitamins
@ -8,8 +9,9 @@ There are 6 nutrients:
- Lipids - Lipids
- Proteins - Proteins
- Water - Water
Water is the most essential nutrient because the body can only survive for a few days without it.
A macronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in large quantities, whereas a micronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in small quantities. A macronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in large quantities, whereas a micronutrient is a nutrient the body requires in small quantities. Macronutrients supply energy, whereas micronutrients are not sources of energy.
| Macronutrients | Micronutrients | | Macronutrients | Micronutrients |
| -------------- | -------------- | | -------------- | -------------- |
@ -22,6 +24,7 @@ Nutrients are used for:
- Energy - Energy
- Regulation of processes - Regulation of processes
Nutrients will typically have more than one role in the body.
## Essential Nutrients ## Essential Nutrients
A nutrient is classified as essential if: A nutrient is classified as essential if:
- It must be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities - It must be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities
@ -61,14 +64,19 @@ Biological and physiological factors influence eating habits. Examples of factor
- Relationships - Relationships
- Income - Income
## Physiological Composition
The proportions present in males and females varies, but between 50 and 70% by weight of the body is composed of water. Women tend to have less water and protein, with more fat.
# Definitions # Definitions
| Term | Definition | | Term | Definition |
| ------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Nutrients | The life sustaining substances found in food. Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair. | | Nutrients | The life sustaining substances found in food. Necessary for growth, maintenance, and repair. |
| Nutrition | The study of how nutrients affect our body. | | Nutrition | The study of how nutrients affect our body. |
| Diet | A person's usual pattern of food choices. Everyone has a diet, and you don't begin and end diets, you just make changes to your existing diet. | | Diet | A person's usual pattern of food choices. Everyone has a diet, and you don't begin and end diets, you just make changes to your existing diet. |
| Lipid | Fat | | Lipid | Fats and oils. |
| Organic | An organic substance contains *carbon*, and can be degraded. | | Organic | An organic substance contains *carbon*, and can be degraded. |
| Essential nutrient | A nutrient is considered *essential* if it *must* be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities. If an essential nutrient is missing, it results in a *deficiency disease*. | | Essential nutrient | A nutrient is considered *essential* if it *must* be supplied by food, because the body cannot create it in sufficient quantities. If an essential nutrient is missing, it results in a *deficiency disease*. |
| Deficiency disease | A deficiency disease occurs when an essential nutrient is missing. Examples include anemia (iron) and scurvy (vitamin c) | | Deficiency disease | A deficiency disease occurs when an essential nutrient is missing. Examples include anemia (iron) and scurvy (vitamin c) |
| Lifestyle | A routine way of living | | Lifestyle | A routine way of living |
| Metabolism | Metabolism is the term for all chemical processes that occur in living cells. This includes:<br>- Breaking larger molecules down into smaller molecules (supplying energy)<br>- Building larger molecules (like protiens or long-chain fats)<br>- Eliminating waste products<br> |
| | |