vault backup: 2026-01-07 21:37:20

2026-01-07 21:37:20 -07:00
parent 88d684f6b0
commit be23dae827
1 changed files with 2 additions and 1 deletions
--- a/education/physics/PHYS2220/Gauss's
+++ b/education/physics/PHYS2220/Gauss's
@@ -20,5 +20,6 @@ $$ \Phi = \oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{A} = \oint EdA \cos\theta$$
 For a closed sphere, the equation becomes:
 $$ \Phi = E(4\pi r^2) $$

+Before proceeding, we introduce the so-called permittivity constant $\in_0$, defined as $\in_0 = 1/4 \pi k$, where $k$ is the Coulomb constant. 

---
+---