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education/nutrition/Digestive System.md
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@ -24,6 +24,13 @@ Absorption is the uptake and removal of nutrients from the digestive tract.
1. The stomach is a muscular sac that stores and mixes food
2. Gastric glands located in the stomach synthesize and secrete gastric juice
1. Gastric juice is a mix of mucus, hydrochloric acid, intrinsic factor, and digestive enzymes
1. Mucus cells secrete mucus to protect the lining of the stomach from the acid
2. Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor and the components of hydrochloric acid into the lumen of the stomach
1. Intrinsic factor is a substance necessary for absorbing vitamin B-12
3. Chief cells secrete some chemically inactive digestive enzymes
1. Pepsinogen
2. Gastric lipase
4. G cells secrete gastrin - A hormone that stimulates stomach motility and gastric gland secretions
4. Small intestine (DJI)
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
@ -39,7 +46,7 @@ Sphincters are thickened regions of circular muscle that control the flow of con
- Essential for normal digestion and absorption
There are 3 main sphincters associated with digestion:
1. Gastroesophageal/lower esophageal/cardiac - connects the esophagus to the stomach
2. Pyloric - connects the stomach to the duodenum (small intestine)
2. Pyloric - connects the stomach to the duodenum (small intestine) and regulates the flow of chyme
3. ileocecal valve - Connects the small intestine to the large intestine
The upper esophageal sphincter is at the top of the esophagus (not as important).
@ -55,5 +62,7 @@ Chemical digestion refers to the breakdown of large molecules in food into small
# Definitions
| Phrase | Definition |
| ------ | --------------------------------------------- |
| -------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| Lumen | The open space inside of the digestive system |
| Chyme | A semiliquid mass that forms when food mixes with gastric juice. Occurs in the lower stomach |
| Motility | The ability of an organism to move independently |