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education/nutrition/Proteins.md
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Proteins are large, complex, organic molecules made up of **amino acids**. Proteins are large, complex, organic molecules made up of **amino acids**.
- Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen - Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
- Found in plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses - Found in plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses
- Proteins also help maintain acid-base balance.
- Maintaining the proper pH of body fluids
- Act as a **buffer**
- Major functions of protein in the body: - Major functions of protein in the body:
- To build new cells and many parts of cells - To build new cells and many parts of cells
- As a component in hardened structures like hair and nails - As a component in hardened structures like hair and nails
@ -15,7 +12,6 @@ Proteins are large, complex, organic molecules made up of **amino acids**.
- As transporters - As transporters
- To make certain hormones - To make certain hormones
- As an energy source (as a last resort) - As an energy source (as a last resort)
-
# Introduction # Introduction
- By helping to maintain fluid balance, proteins prevent **edema** (accumulation of fluid in tissues - By helping to maintain fluid balance, proteins prevent **edema** (accumulation of fluid in tissues
- Proteins also help maintain **acid-base balance**. - Proteins also help maintain **acid-base balance**.
@ -34,4 +30,28 @@ Proteins are large, complex, organic molecules made up of **amino acids**.
- Essential amino acids are amino acids the body cannot make or cannot make enough of to meet its needs - Essential amino acids are amino acids the body cannot make or cannot make enough of to meet its needs
- Conditionally essential amino acids are the amino acids the body cannot make or cannot make enough of to meet its needs - Conditionally essential amino acids are the amino acids the body cannot make or cannot make enough of to meet its needs
- There are 9 essential acids and 11 non-essential acids - There are 9 essential acids and 11 non-essential acids
| Essential | Non
| Essential | Nonessential |
| ---------------------------- | ------------- |
| Histidine | Alanine |
| Isoleucine | Aspartic acid |
| Leucine | Asparagine |
| Lysine | Glutanic acid |
| Methionine | Serine |
| Phenylanaline | Argine |
| Threonine | Cysteine |
| Tryptophan (extra important) | GLutamine |
| Valine | Glycine |
| | Proline |
| | Tyrosine |
TT HILL MVP
# Synthesis
A specific order of amino acids is needed to formulate a protein.
# DNA
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) provides instructions for making proteins.
- **Genes** are a portion of DNA
- To make proteins, cells assemble amino acids into specific sequences according to information from DNA
- A **peptide bond** is a chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together
-