2024-10-15 18:32:53 +00:00
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Proteins are large, complex, organic molecules made up of **amino acids**.
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- Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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- Found in plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses
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- Major functions of protein in the body:
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- To build new cells and many parts of cells
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- As a component in hardened structures like hair and nails
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- As enzymes to speed chemical reactions
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- As lubricants to ease movement
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- In clotting compounds in blood
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- To build antibodies that fight disease organisms
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- As compounds that help maintain fluid and pH balance
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- As transporters
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- To make certain hormones
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- As an energy source (as a last resort)
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# Introduction
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- By helping to maintain fluid balance, proteins prevent **edema** (accumulation of fluid in tissues
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- Proteins also help maintain **acid-base balance**.
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- Maintaining the proper pH of body fluids
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- Acts as a buffer
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# Amino acids
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- Amino acids are nitrogen containing chemical units that comprise proteins
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- There are 20 different amino acids found in the proteins of the human body
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- Each amino acid has a carbon atom that anchors
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- Hydrogen atom
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- Amino or nitrogen containing group
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- R group (side chain)
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- carboxylic acid group
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- nonessential amino acids are a group of amino acids that the body can make
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- Essential amino acids are amino acids the body cannot make or cannot make enough of to meet its needs
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- Conditionally essential amino acids are the amino acids the body cannot make or cannot make enough of to meet its needs
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- There are 9 essential acids and 11 non-essential acids
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2024-10-15 18:37:53 +00:00
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| Essential | Nonessential |
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| ---------------------------- | ------------- |
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| Histidine | Alanine |
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| Isoleucine | Aspartic acid |
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| Leucine | Asparagine |
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| Lysine | Glutanic acid |
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| Methionine | Serine |
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| Phenylanaline | Argine |
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| Threonine | Cysteine |
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| Tryptophan (extra important) | GLutamine |
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| Valine | Glycine |
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| | Proline |
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| | Tyrosine |
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TT HILL MVP
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# Synthesis
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A specific order of amino acids is needed to formulate a protein.
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# DNA
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- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) provides instructions for making proteins.
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- **Genes** are a portion of DNA
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- To make proteins, cells assemble amino acids into specific sequences according to information from DNA
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- A **peptide bond** is a chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together
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