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education/statistics/Hypothesis Tests.md
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(Ch 26, stat 1040)
## z tests for percentages ## z tests for percentages
This test can be used if: This test can be used if:
- The data is a simple random sample from the population of interest - The data is a simple random sample from the population of interest
@ -8,12 +9,12 @@ If an observed value is too many SEs away from the expected value, it is hard to
### Null Hypotheses ### Null Hypotheses
| Term | Description | | Term | Description |
| ---- | ---- | | ---- | ---- |
| Null Hypothesis | This is a statement about a *parameter* | | Null Hypothesis | This is a statement about a *parameter*. It's a statement about equality. The chance of getting *x* is *y%*. |
| Alternative/Research Hypothesis | What the researcher is out to prove, a statement of inequality. (Less than, greater than, not equal to). | | Alternative/Research Hypothesis | What the researcher is out to prove, a statement of inequality. (Less than, greater than, not equal to). |
| One-tailed test | Use when the alternative hypothesis says that the % of 1s is less than or greater than expected. It's one sided | | One-tailed test | Use when the alternative hypothesis says that the % of 1s is less than or greater than expected. It's one sided |
| Two tailed test | When something is not equal to the expected. | | Two tailed test | When something is not equal to the expected. |
## P Value ## P Value
The chance of observing at least a sample statistic, or something more extreme, if the null hypothesis is true. The chance of observing at least a sample statistic, or something more extreme, if the null hypothesis is true.
If the p-value is less than 5%, reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value is less than *5*%, reject the null hypothesis.
If the p-value is greater than 5%, fail to reject the null hypothesis. If the p-value is greater than *5*%, fail to reject the null hypothesis.