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education/statistics/Sampling.md
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@ -15,18 +15,19 @@ In the above example:
- The *parameter* was *6%* - The *parameter* was *6%*
- The *sample* was *1004 taxpayers* - The *sample* was *1004 taxpayers*
- The *statistic* was *13%* - The *statistic* was *13%*
## Sampling
| Sample Type | Description |
| ---- | ---- |
| Simple random | Advantages:<br>- Procedure is impartial<br>- Law of Averages<br>Disadvantages<br>- Not always possible<br>- Can be very expensive |
| Quota Sampling | Attempts to get certain proportions based on key characteristics. Quota sampling doesn't guarantee that the selection is an accurate representation. |
| Cluster Sampling | Divide population into subgroups, randomly select a subgroup, and sample all of the subjects in that group |
## Simple Random Samples ## Simple Random Samples
Advantages:
- Procedure is impartial
- Law of Averages
Disadvantages
- Not always possible
- Can be very expensive
## Bias ## Bias
| Bias Type | Description | | Bias Type | Description |
| ---- | ---- | | ---- | ---- |
| Selection | When the procedure that selects the sample is biased | | Selection | When the procedure that selects the sample is biased |
| Non-Response | Those that don't respond to a survey may have different characteristics than those that do respond | | Non-Response | Those that don't respond to a survey may have different characteristics than those that do respond |
| | | | Response | When the question is worded in a leading way to elicit a certain response. |
| Volunteer response | Self selecting, individuals volunteer to answer |
| Measurement | Interviewing method influences the response, uses loaded words or ambiguities. |