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education/nutrition/Carbohydrates.md
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@ -68,5 +68,29 @@ Complex carbs have 3 or more monosaccharides bonded together
- Enzyme that splits sucrose molecules
- Lactase
- Enzyme that splits lactose molecules
1. Dietary carbohydrates are delivered from
- Only monosaccharides are absorbed
1. Dietary carbohydrates from stomach are delivered to small intestine
2. Glucose and other monosaccharides are transported to liver
3. Blood levels of glucose maintained for brain and other body cells
4. Glucose transported to muscle
- Fructose and galactose are converted to **glucose** in the liver.
- Absorption of monosaccharides mainly occurs in the small intestine
- Galactose and glucose are absorbed by active transport
- Fructose is absorbed by facilitated diffusion
- Monosaccharides enter the capillary network
- Transported to the lever by the hepatic portal vein
- Simple sugars are:
- Made into glycogen or fat by the liver
- Released into bloodstream for energy use
- Fiber is not digested
- Eventually enters large intestine
- Bacteria ferment soluble fiber (producing gas)
- Used for energy
- Insoluble fiber contributes to softer fees
- Any fiber Present in food would delay rate at which chyme enters from the stomach
- Promotes satiety
- Refined grain products are generally low in fiber
# Glucose
- Insulin is the hormone secreted from the beta cells of the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels by helping glucose enter cells
- Released when blood glucose levels are high
- Glucagen is a hormone secreted from the alpha cells of the pancrease that helps regulate blood glucose leve