From 492926f89ef861f7beffa52a544535bbad113487 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: arc Date: Thu, 30 Jan 2025 09:13:43 -0700 Subject: [PATCH] vault backup: 2025-01-30 09:13:43 --- .../math/MATH1210 (calc 1)/Derivatives.md | 55 ------------------- 1 file changed, 55 deletions(-) diff --git a/education/math/MATH1210 (calc 1)/Derivatives.md b/education/math/MATH1210 (calc 1)/Derivatives.md index c15278c..e69de29 100644 --- a/education/math/MATH1210 (calc 1)/Derivatives.md +++ b/education/math/MATH1210 (calc 1)/Derivatives.md @@ -1,55 +0,0 @@ -A derivative can be used to describe the rate of change at a single point, or the *instantaneous velocity*. - -The formula used to calculate the average rate of change looks like this: -$$ \dfrac{f(b) - f(a)}{b - a} $$ -Interpreting it, this can be described as the change in $y$ over the change in $x$. - -- Speed is always positive -- Velocity is directional - -As the distance between the two points $a$ and $b$ grow smaller, we get closer and closer to the instantaneous velocity of a point. Limits are suited to describing the behavior of a function as it approaches a point. - -If we have the coordinate pair $(a, f(a))$, and the value $h$ is the distance between $a$ and another $x$ value, the coordinates of that point can be described as ($(a + h, f(a + h))$. With this info: -- The slope of the secant line can be described as $\dfrac{f(a + h) - f(a)}{a + h - a}$, which simplifies to $\dfrac{f(a + h) - f(a)}{h}$. -- The slope of the *tangent line* or the *instantaneous velocity* can be found by taking the limit of the above function as the distance ($h$) approaches zero: -$$\lim_{h \to 0}\dfrac{f(a + h) - f(a)}{h}$$ -The above formula can be used to find the *derivative*. This may also be referred to as the *instantaneous velocity*, or the *instantaneous rate of change*. -# Line Types -## Secant Line -A **Secant Line** connects two points on a graph. - -A **Tangent Line** represents the rate of change or slope at a single point on the graph. - -# Notation -Given the equation $y = f(x)$, the following are all notations used to represent the derivative of $f$ at $x$: -- $f'(x)$ -- $\dfrac{d}{dx}f(x)$ -- $y'$ -- $\dfrac{dy}{dx}$ -- $\dfrac{df}{dx}$ -- "Derivative of $f$ with respect to $x$" - -# Functions that are not differentiable at a given point -- Where a function is not defined -- Where a sharp turn takes place -- If the slope of the tangent line is vertical - -# Higher Order Differentials -- Take the differential of a differential - -Using the definition of a derivative to determine the derivative of $f(x) = x^n$, where $n$ is any natural number. - -$$ f'(x) = \lim_{h \to 0} \dfrac{(x + h)^n - x^n}{h} $$ -- Using pascal's triangle, we can approximate $(x + h)^n$ -``` - 1 - 1 1 - 1 2 1 - 1 3 3 1 -1 4 6 4 1 -``` - -- Where $n = 0$: $(x + h)^0 = 1$ -- Where $n = 1$: $(x +h)^1 = 1x + 1h$ -- Where $n = 2$: $(x +h)^2 = x^2 + 2xh + h^2$ -- Where $n = 3$: $(x + h)^3 = 1