vault backup: 2023-08-26 11:33:11

IT/Installing Arch.md

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+#linux 
+#documentation 
+
+See offical documentation [here](https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/installation_guide).
+### Preperation
+**Prerequisites**
+Check if system is in UEFI mode with:
+	`ls /sys/firmware/efi/efivars`
+If it lists the directory without issue then it's in EFI mode, if `no 	directory exists` is returned than EFI is disabled.
+
+**Partitioning Disks**
+List disks with:
+`fdisk -l`
+Select disk to modify with:
+`fdisk /dev/sdx` (where x is the selected disk)
+In the *fdisk* environment, use:
+- `n` to create a new partition
+- `p` or `e` to select primary or extended, primary is fine for all partitions on this install.
+- `+[size][scale]` EG: `+512M` or `+1g` create a partition of that size.
+- `w` to write changes to the disk.
+
+Arch requires: 
+- 1 *EFi system partition* of at least **300MiB** mounted to **/mnt/boot** (Only for UEFI systems)
+- 1 *root partition* using **all leftover space** mounted at **/mnt**
+- Optionally a *swap partition* **more than 512MiB**, but ideally equal to the total ram.(Note: the swap partition is not mounted, but is instead initialized with `mkswap /dev/swap_partition`)
+
+**Formatting Partitions**
+- Format the root partition as ext4
+```bash
+mkfs.ext4 /dev/root_partition
+```
+- Format the EFI system partition as Fat32
+```bash
+mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/efi_system_partition
+```
+- Initialize the swap partition
+```bash
+swapon /dev/_swap_partition_
+```
+**Mounting Partitions**
+Mount these partitions with `mount /dev/sdxI /mounting_location`, for this purpose `/mnt`.
+You will need to:
+- Mount root partition(/)
+```bash
+mount /dev/[root_partition] /mnt
+```
+- Mount EFI System Partiton
+(boot may need to be made with `mkdir`)
+```bash
+mount /dev/[efi_system_partition] /mnt/boot
+```
+- If a swap partition was made, initialize it with:
+```bash
+swapon /dev/[swap_partition]
+``` 
+**Update Mirrors**
+		Use `reflector` to update mirrors to the optimal servers.
+### Installation
+Use `pacstrap` to install necessary packages into `/mnt`
+```bash
+pacstrap /mnt base linux linux-firmware dhcpcd nano
+```
+Note: if you wish to configure a static IP you can remove `dhcpcd`from the package list and use `ip address add [IP]/[subnet] broadcast + dev [interface]`, where subnet is usually `/24` and the interface can be found with `ip link`. You will need to add a route, which can be done with `ip route add default via [gateway address]`.
+**Configuring the system**
+Generate an `fstab` file(shows how partitions should translate into disk space)
+```bash
+genfstab -U /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab
+```
+**Chroot into the new system** with `arch-chroot`
+```bash
+arch-chroot /mnt
+```
+Optionally set time zone(See installation wiki)
+
+Edit `/etc/locale.gen` to set locales. For English uncomment `en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8`.
+If needed, generate locales with `locale-gen`.
+
+Start and enable internet
+```bash
+systemctl start dhcpcd
+systemctl enable dhcpcd
+```
+**User Account Management**
+Set a root password with `passwd`.
+Install `sudo` 
+```bash
+pacman -S sudo
+```
+
+Add a user 
+```bash
+useradd -m [user]
+```
+
+Give the user a password:
+```bash
+passwd [user]
+```
+
+Add the user to the sudoers group(you will need to uncomment a line from /etc/sudoers)
+```bash
+usermod -aG wheel [user]
+```
+
+Reboot, unmount the .iso, and login to the user just created.
+
+Install either `amd-ucode` or `intel-ucode` depending on the system processor
+```bash
+sudo pacman -S [needed package]
+```
+
+**Beyond the install**
+Install `grub` and`efibootmgr` with pacman
+```bash
+pacman -S grub
+pacman -S efibootmgr
+```
+
+Create the directory for grub
+```bash
+mkdir /boot/EFI/GRUB
+```
+
+Install `grub` to the efi partition.
+```bash
+grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=grub
+```
+
+Generate the grub config
+```bash
+grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
+```
+
+Install `xorg-server`
+```bash
+sudo pacman -S xorg-server
+```
+
+Install `plasma`
+```bash
+sudo pacman -S plasma
+```
+
+Install `sddm`
+```bash
+sudo pacman -S plasma
+```
+
+Start sddm
+```bash
+sudo systemctl start sddm.service
+```
+If the desktop works as intended, enable sddm to launch at boot
+```bash
+sudo systemctl enable sddm.service
+```