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## What is art?
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**Art**: the expression or application of human creative skill.
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art must:
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- be made with the intent to convey emotion
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- should "satisfy the senses"
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- be made with intent
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- have attention to feeling and emotion
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art may:
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- be a relay of experience or emotion from one person to another
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## Medium
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A particular material, along with an accompanying technique (plural: media). Example include:
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- Acrylic, enamel, gesso, glaze, ink, oil
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## History
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1. The branch of knowledge dealing with past events
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## How do you look at art?
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Purposes and functions of art include:
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- Communicating information:
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- In non-literate societies, art was used to teach.
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- Today, film and television are used to disseminate information.
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- Spirituality and Religion
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- All of the world's major religions have used art to inspire and instruct the faithful
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- Personal and cultural expression
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- Social and political ends
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- Artists have criticized or influenced values or public opinion
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- Often it is clear and direct
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- Other times, however, it is less obvious
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- Monarchs who commissioned projects to symbolize their strength and power
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Generally, art can be broken down into two parts, *form*, and *content*.
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- Form relates to the "formal" aspects of art, composition or medium.
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- Content relates to the subject. What's being portrayed, how are they portraying it?
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- The distinction should be made between fact and opinion/guessing.
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Parts of form:
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1. Line and Shape
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- Lines define space and may create an outline or contour, as style called "linear"
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- They can be *visible* or *implied*, and may be a part of composition
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- It may be 2 dimensional, 3 dimensional, suggested, or implied.
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- *Wherever there is an edge
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2. Color
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- Hue: The name of the color (red, blue, yellow)
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- Saturation: The quality or vibrancy of those values
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- Value: The addition of white, black, or grey to the value
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- Tint: pure hue + white
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- Tone: pure hue + grey
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- Shade: pure hue + black
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3. Texture
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- Texture is an element of art pertaining to the surface quality or "feel" of the work of art
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- Texture can be described as smooth, rough, soft, etc. Some textures are real, and others are simulated
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- Textures that can be *felt* are ones that fingers can actually touch.
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4. Space and Mass
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- Space references to what contains objects: may be 2D or 3D.
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- Mass refers to the effect and degree of the bulk, density, and weight of matter in space.
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- In architecture or sculpture, it is the area occupied by a form.
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- Perspective: Foreshortening is a way of representing an object so that it conveys the illusion of depth; an object appears to be thrust forward or backward in space.
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5. Composition
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- How are items arranged or organized in art
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- Symmetrical, asymmetrical
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- Static or dynamic
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- Picture space is comprised of foreground, middle ground, and background.
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6. Scale
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- As an art history term, scale refers to the size of an object or object represented
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- Size of things, conveyed or literal
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Parts of style:
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- Cultural style
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- Societies develop their own beliefs and style of material forms
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- Artists are a product of their culture
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- Period style
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- Style changes over time
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- Art changes because of economic and political changes
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- Regional style
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- Geography leads to diverse styles
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- Personal style
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- Individual artists often have distinct styles
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Two basic forms of style:
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- Representational: Seeks to create recognizable subject matter (this is a picture of a dog)
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- Abstract: Seeks to capture the essence of a form, not the literal representation (this picture captures the feeling of a dog)
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| Phrase | Definition |
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| ---- | ---- |
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| Piece | Place | Artist | Medium | Stuff |
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| ------------------------------------------------ | ----------------------------- | ------------------------------------ | --------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Treasury Of Atreus | Ancient Greece: Helladic | Unknown | Limestone | Largest dome for over 1000 years<br>Largest monolithic lintel<br>Ashlar masonry and cyclopic masonry<br>Thought to be Atreus, he abdicated (possibly a tomb)<br>post and lintel and corbelled arch<br> |
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| Snake Goddess | Ancient Greece: Minoan | Unknown | Faience | Hierarchy of Scale; Exposed breasts - power<br>victory pose<br>rosettes<br>sideways dress - otherworldly<br>We don't know much about this work |
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| Bull-leaping, from the palace at Knossos | Ancient Greece: Minoan | Unknown | Fresco | Different people with different colors<br>Elongation of bull shows motion<br>Aquatic pattern on border<br>Connection to sea |
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| Doryphoros (Spear Bearer) or *Canon* | Classical Greece: Classical | Polykleitos | Marble copy after bronze original | Called Canon because it's the standard of beauty for sculptures<br>Used golden ratio<br>Polykleitos was in the cult of pythagoreans<br>Contraposto - counter posture<br>Well preserved because of Pompeii<br> |
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| Dying Gaul | Classical Greece: Hellenistic | Epigonos | Marble copy after bronze original | Representational hair<br>Objects on ground give sense of place<br>Shows blood and sweat<br>Doesn't portray a greek man (less jacked, less hot), shows a frenchman<br>Choker shows he's a gaul<br>Defeat: Broken sword, no attempt to call for help (horn), sitting on shield |
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| Aphrodite (Venus de Milo) | Classical Greece: Hellenstic | Alexandros of Antioch-on-the-Meander | Marble | Individualized<br>Lot of detail compared to aphrodite of knidos<br>Dry drapery<br>Contrasting textures<br>Contraposto<br>Has musculature and feminine form<br>More intimate, sensual |
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| Nike alighting on a warship (Nike of Samothrace) | Classical Greece: Hellenistic | Unknown | Marble | Rhodes probably had a successful naval victory<br>Where Nike got it's logo<br>Wet drapery, would have been in fountain<br>lot of contrasting texture<br>Dynamic<br> |
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| Pont-du-Gard | Rome: Empire | Unknown | Shelly Limestone | Arches create space<br>Aquaduct helped city<br>columns aligned vertically<br>Ashlar Masonry<br>Used as major bridge<br>Use of Roman arch |
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| Portrait of Augustus as General | Rome: Empire | Unknown | Marble Copy, Bronze Original | Three powers (ishtar gate):<br>- Curass - Military<br>- Toga - Wealth and political power<br>- Eros - Supernatural power<br>Harkening pose: asking for cooperation, contraposto<br>Idealized proportions<br> |
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| The Pantheon | Roman: Empire | Patron: Hadrean | Concrete | First pantheon built out of wood, burned down<br>Rebuilt out of concrete<br>Originally built on a hill, now sunk by detrius of time<br>Monolithic columns from egypt in portico(front porch)<br>Had rosettes in ceiling squares<br>Biggest dome in the world<br>Squares and circles everywhere |
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| Arch of Titus | Rome: Empire | Patron: Titus | Concrete faced with marble | Commemorates when Rome defeats Jerusalem<br>Triumphal Arch <br>Depicts jewish temple being raided, money used to fund colosseum<br>Original historian was jewish (Josephus) |
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| Portrait of a Husband and Wife | Rome: Empire | Unknown | Fresco | His skin is darker<br>Preserved because of Pompeii<br>She's holding beeswax tablet and stylus<br>They're flexing literacy<br>Literacy was only for the rich<br> |
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| | | | | |
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| Term | Definition |
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| -------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
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| Faience | Metal Glaze, Colder |
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| Verism | Exaggerated age, wrinkles. Counterpart to hellenism but with emphasis on age instead of muscles |
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| Chryselephantine | Ivory veneer with gold |
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| Archaizing | Make something look older in content and style - Fonseca Bust |
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| Harkening Pose | Asking for cooperatinon |
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| Patron | Person that paid for it |
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| Incrustacean | Cut rock in half and flip to show vein - Pantheon |
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| Portico | Fancy front porch - Pantheon |
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| Trumphal Arch | Winning army walks through on return home |
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| Contraposto | The Italian word for counter posture, natural stance, more weight on one foot, body makes an S shape |
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| Ungrounded | No historical record |
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| Doric | Masculine, beefy, the simplest, oldest style |
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| Ionic | Feminine, slender, medium old |
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| Corinthian | Fancy top, planty shape around the base of the top, latest style |
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| Corbelled Arch | Rocks that go in gradually, like two wedges |
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| Post and Lintel | Two posts and a lintel across the top |
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| Roman arch (with keystone) | Normal vault |
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| Groin vault | 4 way intersection |
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@ -107,3 +107,10 @@ $$ \dfrac{d}{dx}(\dfrac{f(x)}{g(x)}) = \dfrac{f'(x)g(x) -f(x)g'(x)}{(g(x))^2} $
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$$ \dfrac{d}{dx} e^x = e^x $$
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$$ \dfrac{d}{dx}a^x = a^x*(\ln(a)) $$
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for all $a > 0$
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# Examples
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> Differentiate $f(x) = 4\sqrt[3]{x} - \dfrac{1}{x^6}$
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$f(x)
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pay attention when flying around an airport
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There is currently no way to get a waiver for beyond line of sight \[for package delivery].
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To determine if an MOA is active, you can refer to the phone number listed under the legend for special use airspace. This information is not listed under the military operations directory
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An sUAS accident must be reported to the FAA within 10 days.
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Lightning is considered the most hazardous condition when flying in the vicinity of thunderstorms.
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The presence of ice pellets at the surface is evidence of a temperature inversion, with freezing rain at a higher altitude.
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Angle of attack is the angle between the wing chord line and the relative wind.
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An autonomous operation requires a Remote PIC, and nothing else.
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An increase in load factor will cause an unmanned aircraft to stall at a higher airspeed.
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Acute fatigue is short term fatigue gained from a specific event
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METARs report wind in true north.
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The angle of attack at which an airfoil stalls is not influenced by gross weight.
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Military training routes below 1,500 feet have a 4 digit number, routes above have 3 digits.
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Someone with a marijuana conviction can apply for a remote pilot certificate one year after the conviction.
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Use a spectral analyzer to avoid interference with the radio
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After landing at a tower controlled airport, a pilot should contact ground control when advised by the tower.
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Lines of longitude cross the equator at right angles.
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The pilot's handbook of aeronautical knowledge should be consulted for the impact of drugs and alcohol on flight.
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When flight efficiency is a priority, the drone should be operated
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Advection fog develops when an air mass moves inland from the coast in winter.
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Binoculars do not count as line of sight
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Consult the Pilot's Operating Handbook or UAS Flight Manual for center of gravity limits.
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The amount of excess load that can be imposed upon the wing of an airplane depends on the speed of the airplane
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