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education/nutrition/Proteins.md
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@ -54,4 +54,17 @@ A specific order of amino acids is needed to formulate a protein.
- **Genes** are a portion of DNA - **Genes** are a portion of DNA
- To make proteins, cells assemble amino acids into specific sequences according to information from DNA - To make proteins, cells assemble amino acids into specific sequences according to information from DNA
- A **peptide bond** is a chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together - A **peptide bond** is a chemical attraction that connects two amino acids together
-
# DNA Process
1. Protein synthesis begins when a section of DNA unwinds, exposing a single portion (a gene). The gene contains coded info about the order of amino acids that comprise a specific protein
2. The gene undergoes **transcription**, that is, the sequence of amino acids copied is copied in a special manner, forming **messenger RNA** (mRNA) in the process.
3. mRNA transforms the information concerning the amino acid sequence form the nucleus to **ribosomes**, protein manufacturing sites in cytoplasm.
4. During the **translation** process, ribosomes "read" mRNA. The coded instructions indicate which amino acid to add to the polypeptide chain and its sequence.
5. Each specific **transfer RNA** (tRNA) molecule conveys a particular amino acid to the ribosome.
6. At the ribosome, the amino acid that has been delivered by the tRNA attaches to the peptide chain, lengthening it.
7. When the translation process is complete, the ribosome release the polypeptide, and the new protein generally undergoes further processing at other sites within the cytoplasm.
Summary:
- Transcription: DNA unwinds, gene gets copied forming mRNA, happens in the nucleus
- DNA -> mRNA
- Translation: mRNA give info to ribosomes and they "read" mRNA. trNA gets an