diff --git a/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-git/data.json b/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-git/data.json index 7b1247f..4bc189e 100644 --- a/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-git/data.json +++ b/.obsidian/plugins/obsidian-git/data.json @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ "commitMessage": "vault backup: {{date}}", "autoCommitMessage": "vault backup: {{date}}", "commitDateFormat": "YYYY-MM-DD HH:mm:ss", - "autoSaveInterval": 1, + "autoSaveInterval": 5, "autoPushInterval": 0, "autoPullInterval": 5, "autoPullOnBoot": false, diff --git a/education/math/Inverse Functions.md b/education/math/Inverse Functions.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..47a4db7 --- /dev/null +++ b/education/math/Inverse Functions.md @@ -0,0 +1,10 @@ +For a function to have an inverse, it needs to have one $x$ for every $y$, and vice versa. You can use the horizontal line test to verify that the inverse of a function is valid. If you can draw a horizontal line and it crosses through two points at the same time at any height, the inverse is not a valid function. To get the inverse, you can switch the x and y of a function, and it will mirror the graph over the line $y = x$. + +# Examples +Given the below function: +$$ y = \frac{1}{2}x + 3 $$ +You can find the inverse by switching the $x$ and $y$ values and solving for $y$: +$$ x = \frac{1}{2}y + 3 $$ +The range of the inverse is the same as the domain of the original. +You can verify by taking $f \circ g$, and simplifying. + diff --git a/education/math/Standard forms of circles.md b/education/math/Standard forms of circles.md index 3d37236..9e04b67 100644 --- a/education/math/Standard forms of circles.md +++ b/education/math/Standard forms of circles.md @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ For $(f\circ g)(x)$ for two sets, you look for $x$ from $f$ and an equivalent $y$ value from $g$, and leftover coordinates are the answer. The order of $f$ and $g$ does matter. # Formulae The general equation for a circle: -$$ (x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 =r $$ +$$ (x - h)^2 + (y - k)^2 =r^2 $$ Distance formula: $$ \sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2 + (y_2-y_1)^2} $$ Midpoint foruma: diff --git a/education/statistics/Correlation and Regression.md b/education/statistics/Correlation and Regression.md index 444471f..f05cfa4 100644 --- a/education/statistics/Correlation and Regression.md +++ b/education/statistics/Correlation and Regression.md @@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ If $x$ is above average, we expect the $y$ to be above average if there's a stro ## Calculating $r$ by hand Put the $x$ values into $L1$, put the $y$ values into $L2$. -1. Convert the $x$ each x value in the list to standard units($z$). Convert each $y$ value to standard units. +1. Convert the $x$ each x value in the list to standard units($z$). Convert each $y$ value to standard units. This will create two new tables containing $z_x$ and $z_y$. $$ z = \frac{x-\bar{x}}{\sigma_x} $$ -2. Multiply the standard units for each ($x$, $y$) pair in the sets, giving you a third list, named $p$ in this example. +2. Multiply the standard units for each ($z_x$, $z_y$) pair in the sets, giving you a fifth list, named $p$ in this example. $$ x * y = p$$ 3. Find the average of the values from step 3, this is $r$. $$ \bar{x}(p) $$ @@ -82,10 +82,29 @@ Given a scatter diagram where the average of each set lies on the point $(75, 70 ### The Regression Line/Least Squared Regression Line (LSRL) - This line has a more moderate slope than the SD line. it does not go through the peaks of the "football" +- Predictions can only be made if the data displays a linear association (is a football shape). - The regression line is *used to predict* the y variable when the x variable is given -- The regression line also goes through the point of averages +- In regression, the $x$ variable is the known variable, and $y$ is the value being solved for. +- The regression line goes through the point of averages, and can be positive or negative $$ slope = r(\frac{\sigma_y}{\sigma_x}) $$ - You can find the regression line by multiplying $\sigma_y$ by $r$, for the rise, then using $\sigma_x$ for the run from the point of averages. -$$ z_x = \frac{x-\bar{x}}{\sigma_x} * r * \sigma_y + \bar{y} $$ -This formula finds the $z$ score for $x$, transforms by $r$, and uses the equation $x = z * \sigma + \bar{x}$ to predict a value for one axis given another axis. \ No newline at end of file +The below formula can be used to predict a y value given a 5 number summary of a set. +$$ \hat{y} = \frac{x-\bar{x}}{\sigma_x} * r * \sigma_y + \bar{y} $$ +1. Find $z_x$ +2. Multiply $z_x$ by $r$ +3. Multiply that by $\sigma_y$ +4. Add the average of $y$ + +- For a positive association, for every $\sigma_x$ above average we are in $x$, the line predicts $y$ to be $\sigma_y$ standard deviations above y.x +- There are two separate regression lines, one for predicting $y$ from $x$, and one for predicting $x$ from $y$ +- Do not extrapolate outside of the graph +### The Regression Effect +- In a test-retest situation, people with low scores tend to improve, and people with high scores tend to do worse. This means that individuals score closer to the average as they retest. +- The regression *fallacy* is contributing this to something other than chance error. + +--- +# Terminology +| Term | Definition | +| -- | -- | +| $\hat{y}$ | The predicted value |